The Ultimate Guide To Lighting Colour Temperature

What is colour temperature?

Color temperature describes how warm or cool a white light is, as seen by the human eye. When a light has orange and yellow tones it is called warm white, when it is neutral it is called cool white, and when it gives off slightly blue tones it is called daylight white. The image below shows the differences in shades between colour temperatures.

Shades in colour temperature

Why is colour temperature important?

Color temperature is important because it affects the way we perceive colors and the mood and atmosphere of a space or scene.

In lighting design and interior decorating, color temperature can be used to create a specific ambiance or mood in a space. For example, warm color temperatures are often used in residential settings to create a cozy and inviting atmosphere, while cooler color temperatures are often used in commercial or industrial settings to create a brighter and more efficient work environment.

Additionally, color temperature is important in ensuring that the colors we see are accurate and consistent across different light sources. Color temperature can affect the way colors appear, and a shift in color temperature can cause colors to look different than they would under another light source. By using consistent color temperatures in a given space or scene, we can ensure that the colors we see are accurate and consistent.

How is colour temperature measured?

Color temperature is typically measured in Kelvin (K), which is a unit of absolute temperature. The measurement is based on the color of light produced by a light source when it is heated to a certain temperature.

The measurement process involves comparing the color of the light produced by the light source to the color of light produced by a theoretical black body radiator as it is heated. The color temperature of the light source is then determined by the temperature at which the black body radiator would produce the same color of light.

Color temperature can be measured using various devices, such as colorimeters or spectrophotometers, which are able to detect the specific wavelengths of light emitted by a light source. These devices can then analyze the wavelengths of light and calculate the color temperature of the light source in Kelvin.

In practice, many modern cameras and displays have built-in tools that allow you to adjust color temperature settings to achieve a desired look or to compensate for different lighting conditions. These settings typically allow you to adjust the color temperature of the camera or display in increments of Kelvin, allowing for fine-tuned control over the resulting color temperature.

How is colour temperature defined in various areas in the world?

Australia: the definitions given by the Lighting Council of Australia are as follows:

  • Warm White: 2600K to 3200K
  • Cool White: >3200K to 4500K
  • Daylight: >4500K

Colour temperature range

United States: the standard ranges for color temperature are defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). These organizations have established several standard ranges for color temperature, which are commonly used in lighting design and specification. The ANSI/IES standard ranges for color temperature are:

  • Warm white: 2700K-3000K
  • Neutral white: 3500K-4100K
  • Cool white: 5000K-6500K

Europe: the recommended color temperature ranges may vary slightly depending on the specific country or region, but generally, they are defined as follows:

  • Warm White: 2700K - 3000K
  • Neutral White: 3000K - 4000K
  • Cool White: 4000K - 6500K

What does different colour temperatures look like?

The two images below show how the different lights look.

Colour temperature range

Colour temperature bulbs

How does colour temperature impact mood and productivity?

Colour temperature can impact mood and productivity in several ways, as it influences the perception of light and the environment. Here are some ways in which color temperature can affect mood and productivity:

  1. 2700K - 3000K: This range of color temperature creates a warm and cozy atmosphere, often associated with relaxation and comfort. This type of lighting is typically used in residential settings, such as bedrooms and living rooms, where a calming and soothing environment is desired.
  2. 3000K - 4000K: This range of color temperature is often used in commercial and office settings, as it provides a bright and alert atmosphere, helping to increase concentration and productivity. However, it can also cause eye strain and fatigue if the lighting is too bright or harsh.
  3. 4000K - 6500K: This range of color temperature creates a crisp and energetic atmosphere, often used in industrial and outdoor settings. It can help to increase focus and productivity, but it may also cause discomfort or a sense of coldness in some individuals.

Research has shown that the color temperature of lighting can have an impact on our circadian rhythm, which affects our sleep patterns, alertness, and mood. Exposure to blue light (higher color temperature) in the evening can disrupt our sleep, while exposure to warmer light (lower color temperature) can promote relaxation and better sleep.

What are the benefits of using warm lighting in your home?

There are several benefits of using warm lighting in your home, including:

  1. Promotes relaxation: Warm lighting (usually in the 2700K-3000K range) has a yellowish or reddish hue that can help create a cozy and inviting atmosphere. This can promote relaxation and help you wind down after a long day.
  2. Improves sleep: Exposure to blue light (usually in the 4000K-6500K range) can interfere with your body's natural sleep cycle. By using warm lighting in the evening, you can create a relaxing environment that promotes better sleep.
  3. Enhances mood: Warm lighting can help create a warm and inviting atmosphere that can enhance your mood and make you feel more comfortable in your home.
  4. Complements interior design: Warm lighting can complement traditional or rustic interior design styles, adding a warm and welcoming touch to your home decor.
  5. Reduces glare: Warm lighting tends to be less harsh than cool lighting, reducing the risk of glare and eye strain.

Cool lighting vs. warm lighting: which is better for your health?

Both cool lighting and warm lighting can be beneficial for your health in different ways, depending on the time of day and your specific needs. Here's how each type of lighting can impact your health:

Cool lighting (usually in the 4000K-6500K range) can help you feel more alert and awake, making it a good choice for daytime use or in task-oriented settings, such as offices or classrooms. Exposure to blue light in the morning can help reset your circadian rhythm, promoting better sleep at night.

However, exposure to cool lighting in the evening or at night can disrupt your sleep patterns and make it harder to fall asleep. This is because blue light can suppress the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep.

Warm lighting (usually in the 2700K-3000K range) can help create a relaxing and calming environment, making it a good choice for evening use or in spaces where relaxation is desired, such as bedrooms or living rooms. Exposure to warm lighting in the evening can promote better sleep and help you wind down after a long day.

However, exposure to warm lighting during the day may not provide enough stimulation to keep you alert and focused, especially in task-oriented settings.

What is the psychology of colour temperature and Its effect on emotions?

Here are some general associations between color temperature and emotions:

  1. 2700K-3000K: Warm lighting has a yellowish or reddish hue and is associated with comfort, relaxation, and coziness. It can evoke feelings of warmth and intimacy and promote a sense of calmness and relaxation.
  2. 4000K-6500K: Cool lighting has a bluish or whitish hue and is associated with alertness, productivity, and focus. It can evoke feelings of freshness and cleanliness and promote a sense of energy and activity.
  3. 3500K-4000K: Neutral lighting is neither too warm nor too cool and is associated with balance, stability, and neutrality. It can evoke feelings of calmness and balance and promote a sense of stability and consistency.

The psychological effects of color temperature are influenced by a variety of factors, including individual preferences, cultural associations, and the intended use of the space. For example, a warm and cozy atmosphere might be desirable in a bedroom, while a bright and stimulating environment might be more appropriate in a work setting.

What is the relationship between lighting colour temperature and skin tone?

The color temperature of the lighting can affect how skin tones appear under that light. Warmer light can make skin appear more golden or yellowish, while cooler light can make skin appear more bluish or pale. For example, fluorescent lighting tends to have a cooler color temperature, which can make skin appear washed out and unflattering, while incandescent or warm LED lighting can create a more natural and flattering look for most skin tones.

What is the best lighting colour temperature for makeup application?

The best lighting color temperature for makeup application is generally around 5000K-6500K, which is considered to be a cool or daylight white color temperature. This type of lighting provides a balanced and even illumination that mimics natural daylight, allowing you to see your skin and makeup colors accurately and true to life.

Cool white light also helps to minimize any yellow or warm tones in the lighting, which can cause makeup colors to appear different than they actually are. With cool white light, you can see the true undertones and colors of your skin, allowing you to apply makeup more accurately and achieve a flawless finish.

It's important to avoid lighting that is too warm or yellow, as this can cause your makeup to appear too dark or heavy. Similarly, lighting that is too cool or blue can make your makeup appear too light or washed out.

What is the best lighting colour temperature for an art gallery?

Achieving the right lighting color temperature for an art gallery is important to showcase the artwork in the best possible way. Here are some steps you can take to achieve the right lighting color temperature for your art gallery:

  1. Determine the type of artwork: Different types of artwork require different lighting color temperatures. For example, warm colors such as reds and oranges may require warmer light, while cooler colors such as blues and greens may require cooler light.
  2. Choose the right light fixtures: Light fixtures can have different color temperatures, so it's important to choose fixtures that are suitable for your artwork. LED lights are a popular choice for art galleries as they are energy-efficient and can be adjusted to different color temperatures.
  3. Use a lighting designer: Consider hiring a lighting designer who has experience working with art galleries. They can help you choose the right color temperature for your artwork and create a lighting design that showcases your artwork in the best possible way.
  4. Test different lighting color temperatures: Once you have chosen your light fixtures and lighting designer, test different color temperatures to see which one works best for your artwork. This may require some trial and error, but it's worth it to ensure that your artwork is displayed in the best possible way.
  5. Adjust the lighting as needed: Finally, it's important to adjust the lighting as needed to ensure that your artwork is always displayed in the best possible light. Regular maintenance and adjustments can help to ensure that your artwork is always showcased in the most flattering way possible.

What is the connection between lighting colour temperature and sleep quality?

There is a strong connection between lighting color temperature and sleep quality. Exposure to certain types of light, particularly blue light, can disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythms and negatively affect sleep quality.

Blue light, which is often found in cool or daylight white lighting, is known to suppress the production of melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate sleep. This can cause difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, as well as lead to daytime sleepiness and fatigue.

On the other hand, warmer lighting with a lower color temperature, such as orange or yellow light, is less likely to suppress melatonin production and is therefore less likely to disrupt sleep. This is why many experts recommend using warm or dim lighting in the hours leading up to bedtime, to help promote a more restful night's sleep.

To minimize the negative impact of blue light on sleep quality, it's recommended to avoid exposure to blue light-emitting devices such as phones, computers, and televisions in the hours leading up to bedtime. Alternatively, you can use blue light-blocking glasses or adjust the color temperature settings on your devices to a warmer tone.

What are the major advantages and disadvantages of the different colour temperatures?

Color Temperature Advantages Disadvantages
Warm White (2700K-3000K) Creates a cozy and inviting atmosphere; often used in residential settings Can make colors appear yellow or overly warm; may not provide enough brightness in work or commercial settings
Neutral White (3500K-4100K) Provides a balanced and natural light; often used in offices and commercial settings May not be as visually appealing as warmer or cooler temperatures; can still appear harsh in certain settings
Cool White (5000K-6500K) Provides a bright and energizing light; often used in work and industrial settings Can create a harsh or sterile environment; may not be suitable for residential or relaxing environments


How does colour temperature relate to energy consumptions and lumens?

Color temperature is related to energy consumption and lumens in the following ways:

  1. Energy consumption: Light sources with higher color temperatures typically consume more energy than those with lower color temperatures. This is because higher color temperatures often require higher wattage bulbs or more LEDs to produce the desired color temperature. For example, a 5000K LED bulb may consume more energy than a 2700K LED bulb with the same lumen output.
  2. Lumens: The amount of lumens produced by a light source is not directly related to its color temperature. However, the perceived brightness of a light source can be influenced by its color temperature. For example, a 2700K light source with 800 lumens may appear brighter than a 5000K light source with the same 800 lumens, because the warm color temperature can make the space feel brighter and more inviting.
  3. Efficiency: The efficiency of a light source is typically measured in lumens per watt (lm/W). The efficiency of an LED light source can be affected by its color temperature. For example, a 2700K LED bulb may have a higher lm/W rating than a 5000K LED bulb with the same lumen output, because warmer color temperatures typically require less energy to produce.

How does colour temperature impact workplace productivity?

The color temperature of lighting in the workplace can have a significant effect on productivity. Here are some ways that different color temperatures can affect workplace productivity:

  1. Warm white (2700K-3000K): Warm white lighting can create a cozy and inviting atmosphere, but it may not be the best choice for workplaces where high productivity is required. Warm lighting has been shown to have a relaxing effect on the body, which can lead to drowsiness and reduced productivity.
  2. Neutral white (3500K-4100K): Neutral white lighting provides a balanced and natural light that is suitable for most workplace settings. It can help reduce eye strain and fatigue, which can lead to improved productivity.
  3. Cool white (5000K-6500K): Cool white lighting is often used in work and industrial settings because it provides a bright and energizing light. It can help stimulate the body and mind, which can lead to increased productivity. However, cool lighting may not be suitable for all workers, as some people may find it too harsh or sterile.

How can lighting colour temperature be used to create a cozy bedroom ambiance?

Lighting can play a key role in creating a cozy and relaxing ambiance in the bedroom. Here are some tips on how to use lighting color temperature to achieve a cozy bedroom atmosphere:

  1. Choose warm white lighting: Warm white lighting (2700K-3000K) creates a cozy and inviting atmosphere that is perfect for the bedroom. This type of lighting can help promote relaxation and reduce stress levels, which can help you sleep better at night.
  2. Use dimmer switches: Dimmer switches allow you to adjust the brightness of your lighting to create the perfect ambiance in your bedroom. This can be especially useful if you enjoy reading or doing other activities in bed.
  3. Avoid cool white lighting: Cool white lighting (5000K-6500K) can create a harsh and sterile atmosphere that is not ideal for the bedroom. This type of lighting can also disrupt your natural sleep patterns by suppressing the production of melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate sleep.
  4. Consider accent lighting: Accent lighting, such as string lights or table lamps, can add warmth and coziness to your bedroom. These types of lighting fixtures can also provide a softer and more intimate atmosphere than overhead lighting.
  5. Use lighting to highlight decor: Lighting can be used to highlight specific decor elements in your bedroom, such as artwork or accent walls. This can help create a cozy and personalized atmosphere that reflects your unique style and personality.

What is the best colour temperature for reading lamps?

When it comes to reading lamps, the ideal color temperature depends on personal preferences and the type of reading material. However, as a general guideline, a color temperature of 2700K to 3000K is recommended for reading lamps.

Warm white lighting in this temperature range creates a comfortable and relaxing atmosphere that can help reduce eye strain and fatigue, making it easier to focus on reading material for extended periods. Additionally, this color temperature mimics the warm, soothing light of traditional incandescent bulbs, which many people find more comfortable than cooler lighting.

What is the psychology of colour temperature?

Here's a breakdown of how different color temperatures can impact emotions:

  1. Warm white (2700K-3000K): Warm white lighting creates a cozy and inviting atmosphere that can help promote relaxation and comfort. This type of lighting is often associated with feelings of warmth, security, and intimacy. It can also help reduce stress and anxiety levels.
  2. Neutral white (3500K-4100K): Neutral white lighting provides a balanced and natural light that can promote focus and concentration. It is often used in workplaces and educational settings. This type of lighting can also help reduce eye strain and fatigue.
  3. Cool white (5000K-6500K): Cool white lighting is often associated with feelings of alertness and energy. It can help stimulate the body and mind, which can lead to increased productivity and creativity. However, it can also create a harsh and sterile atmosphere that may not be suitable for all environments.

How can colour temperature be used to create a serene bathroom ambience?

Use warm white lighting (2700K-3000K) as this creates a cozy and inviting atmosphere in the bathroom. It can also help promote relaxation and reduce stress levels, which can make it easier to unwind and recharge. Avoid cool white lighting (5000K-6500K) as this creates a harsh and sterile atmosphere that is not ideal for the bathroom. This type of lighting can also make it difficult to relax and unwind, which can be counterproductive when trying to create a serene environment.

How do you choose the right colour temperature for your outdoor space?

Choosing the right color temperature for your outdoor space can depend on a variety of factors, such as the purpose of the space, the time of day the space is used, and the overall aesthetic you want to achieve. Here are some tips to help you choose the right color temperature for your outdoor space:

  1. Consider the purpose of the space: The color temperature you choose for your outdoor space should be determined by its intended use. For example, if you're using the space for relaxation and entertainment, you may want to use a warmer white light (2700K-3000K) that creates a cozy and intimate atmosphere. If the space is used for security purposes or task lighting, a cooler white light (5000K-6500K) may be more appropriate.
  2. Consider the time of day: The color temperature of outdoor lighting can have different effects depending on the time of day. In the evening, warmer white lighting can create a more inviting atmosphere, while cooler white lighting may be better for morning or daytime use.
  3. Use a combination of lighting: Using a combination of lighting fixtures with different color temperatures can create a more dynamic and visually interesting outdoor space. For example, you could use warm white lighting for your seating area and cooler white lighting for your pathway or security lighting.
  4. Consider the surrounding environment: The color temperature of your outdoor lighting should also complement the surrounding environment. For example, if you have a lot of greenery and natural elements in your outdoor space, a warm white light may be more appropriate.
  5. Test different options: Finally, it's important to test different color temperature options in your outdoor space to see what works best for your specific needs and preferences. This can help you determine the right balance of lighting to create the ideal ambiance for your outdoor space.

How do you use colour temperature to enhance your outdoor decor?

Using color temperature can be a great way to enhance the look and feel of your outdoor decor. Here are some tips on how to use color temperature to create a beautiful outdoor space:

  1. Choose the right color temperature for your decor: The color temperature you choose should complement the colors and textures of your outdoor decor. For example, if you have warm earthy tones in your decor, a warm white light (2700K-3000K) can enhance those colors and create a cozy atmosphere. If you have cooler tones like blues and greens, a cooler white light (5000K-6500K) can enhance those colors and create a more vibrant and energetic atmosphere.
  2. Use accent lighting: Accent lighting can be used to highlight specific elements of your outdoor decor, such as sculptures, plants, or architectural features. Using warm white accent lighting can create a cozy and intimate atmosphere, while cooler white accent lighting can create a more dramatic effect.
  3. Use different fixtures: Using a variety of lighting fixtures can create depth and interest in your outdoor space. For example, string lights can add a whimsical touch, while lanterns can create a more traditional ambiance. Choose fixtures that complement your decor and use them to create the desired effect.
  4. Use lighting to create focal points: Lighting can be used to draw attention to specific areas of your outdoor space. For example, using warm white lighting to highlight your seating area can create a cozy and inviting atmosphere, while cooler white lighting to highlight your fire pit or outdoor kitchen can create a more dramatic effect.
  5. Test different options: It's important to test different color temperature options and lighting fixtures to see what works best for your specific needs and preferences. This can help you determine the right balance of lighting to create the ideal ambiance for your outdoor space.

What is the best colour temperature for outdoor dining areas?

Generally, a warmer white light (2700K-3000K) is recommended for outdoor dining areas as it creates a cozy and intimate atmosphere. 

What is the best colour temperature for security lighting?

The best color temperature for security lighting is typically a cool white light with a color temperature of 5000K-6500K. This type of light provides high visibility and contrast, making it easier to detect potential security threats. Cool white light also tends to be more efficient and cost-effective, which is important for security lighting that needs to be on for long periods of time.

What is the best colour temperature for a swimming pool area?

The best color temperature for a swimming pool area is typically a cool white light with a color temperature of 5000K-6500K. This type of lighting provides high visibility and contrast, making it easier to see potential hazards and obstacles in and around the pool.

In addition, cool white lighting can help create a modern and clean look for the pool area, while also providing a bright and inviting atmosphere for nighttime swimming and entertainment.

What is the best colour temperature for outdoor digital signage?

The best color temperature for outdoor digital signage typically depends on several factors such as the type of message, location, and visibility. However, in general, a cool white light with a color temperature of 5000K-6500K is often preferred for outdoor digital signage.

This type of lighting provides high visibility and contrast, making it easier for viewers to read the message from a distance. Cool white lighting also tends to be more efficient and cost-effective, which is important for digital signage that needs to be on for long periods of time.

What is the best colour temperature for outdoor sports?

The best color temperature for outdoor sports lighting depends on several factors such as the type of sport, location, and level of play. However, in general, a cool white light with a color temperature of 5000K-6500K is often preferred for outdoor sports lighting.

This type of lighting provides high visibility and contrast, making it easier for players and spectators to see the action on the field or court. Cool white lighting also tends to be more efficient and cost-effective, which is important for sports lighting that needs to be on for long periods of time.